Human papilloma virus (HPV) Free Essay Example, 4250 words

They also confirmed oral HPV infection peaks among adults aged 30-34 years (7.3%) and 60-64 years (11.4%). Males were 2.7 times more likely to be infected by oral HPV than women. Infection in those with a history of any type of sexual contact (7.5%) had a significantly higher prevalence compared to those without (0.9%). Although about 90% of HPV infections are usually cleared within a few months to two years after acquisition without intervention, a small percentage of HPV high risk types can continue and progress into neoplastic changes. 10 HPV ASSOCIATED MALIGNANCIES OR OTHER DISEASES Approximately 5% of all cancers worldwide are accounted for by high-risk HPV infection. 3Â  In 2008, it was suggested between all cancer-related outcomes of HPV infection, cervical cancer is the most prevalent, with over half a million new cases resulting in more than 270,000 deaths worldwide. 11Â   In the USA, an estimated 6.2 million cases of newly infected individuals are detected annually. 1 Some UK studies have shown 1 in 134 persons are expected to develop cervical neoplasm at some point during their lifetime. 12 Researchers believe that since a first HPV infection occurs, it can take 10-20 years for cancer to develop. Despite persistent high-risk HVP being essential for cervical cancer progression, not all females with high-risk HPV infection develop cancer. 13 However, the proportion of high-degree cervical abnormalities that progress into advanced stage malignancy are expected to be under 50%. 3 Although statistics on anogenital neoplasm other than cervical cancer are limited, increasing evidence-based studies have linked HPV with anus, vulva, vagina, penis and oropharyngeal tumors. On a global scale, half of penile cancers are attributed to HPV. 14 A population-based study conducted in the US by Hernandez et al. We will write a custom essay sample on Human papilloma virus (HPV) or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now (2014) indicated that HPV DNA was present in 63% of invasive penile cancer cases. 14 Moreover, according to the CDC (2013), over 20,000 carcinoma cases that occur annually in females are caused by HPV infection. Around 12,000 HPV associated cancer cases tend to occur in males every year, mostly oropharyngeal cancers. 1 Throughout the past 20 years, the newly diagnosed cases of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer have grown, particularly among men. By 2020, expected HPV related oropharyngeal cancer cases in the US will exceed the cervical cancer rate. 10 However, their relationship with HPV makes them preventable by using similar cervical cancer intervention modality. 10 While, non-cancerous HPV types are rarely fatal, they can still result in significant morbidity.